COLLABORATIVE MANUFACTURING:FACILITATING AND IMPLEMENTING COLLABORATION IN MANUFACTURING

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FACILITATING AND IMPLEMENTING COLLABORATION IN MANUFACTURING

During the design stages of the product, codesign (Eberts and Nof 1995) refers to integrated systems implemented using both hardware and software components. Computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) allows the integration and collaboration of specialists in an environment where work and codesigns in manufacturing are essential. The collaboration is accomplished by integrating CAD and database applications, providing alphanumeric and graphical representations for the system’s users. Codesign protocols were established for concurrency control, error recovery, transaction management, and information exchange (Figure 2). The CSCW tool supports the following design steps:

• Conceptual discussion of the design project

• High-level conceptual design

• Testing and evaluation of models

• Documentation

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When deciding on its operation, every manufacturing enterprise accounts for the following trans- action costs (Busalacchi 1999):

1. Searching for a supplier or consumer

2. Finding out about the nature of the product

3. Negotiating the terms for the product

4. Making a decision on suppliers and vendors

5. Policing the product to ensure quality, quantity, etc.

6. Enforcing compliance with the agreement

Traditionally, enterprises grew until they could afford to internalize the transaction costs of those products they were interested in. However, the transaction costs now have been greatly affected by

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technologies such electronic data interchange (EDI) and the Internet, which are shifting the way of doing business, moving the transaction costs to:

1. Coordination between potential suppliers or consumers

2. Rapid access to information about products

3. Means for rapid negotiation of terms between suppliers and consumers

4. Access to evaluative criteria for suppliers and consumers

5. Mechanisms for ensuring the quality and quantity of products

6. Mechanisms for enforcing compliance with the agreement

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